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# Wi-Fi Vitae

Combining the best of whisky and wireless

## Sitemaps

- [XML Sitemap](https://wifivitae.com/sitemap.xml): Contains all public & indexable URLs for this website.

## Posts

- [Stop Designing Wi-Fi for Your Weakest Device](https://wifivitae.com/2026/05/28/pra-overview/) - Stop Designing Wi-Fi for Your Weakest Device Your most important devices are suffering from it. There's a design philosophy that has governed enterprise wireless networking for nearly two decades. It goes by the acronym LCMI — Least Capable, Most Important. The premise is straightforward: find the weakest Wi-Fi device your business cannot afford to lose —
- [Parallel Reality Architecture - the evolultion of LCMI for Wi-Fi Design](https://wifivitae.com/2026/06/16/pra-whitepaper/) - Parallel Reality Architecture - the evolultion of LCMI for Wi-Fi Design This is s a follow-up to my previous post about why the LCMI-based design for Wi-Fi is no longer applicable for modern Wi-Fi design. I suggest the concepts outlined in Parallel Reality Architecture (PRA) is the path forward. While not as simple and clearn
- [Antennae vs. Antennas: A Grammar Zealot’s Guide to Bugging Out (and Sounding Smart)](https://wifivitae.com/2024/09/29/antennae-vs-antennas/) - Antennae vs. Antennas: A Grammar Zealot’s Guide to Bugging Out (and Sounding Smart) Listen up, word nerds and grammar enthusiasts. Today, we're diving into the nitty-gritty of a linguistic conundrum that's been plaguing Wi-Fi practitioners for far too long: the epic debate between "antennae" and "antennas." We're about to embark on a journey through the treacherous terrain of entomology, radio
- [2026 predictions for major Wi-Fi market shifts](https://wifivitae.com/2025/12/31/2026predictions/) - 2026 predictions for major Wi-Fi market shifts As we approach the final days of 2025 and anticipate the start of 2026, several shifts in Wi-Fi playbooks are expected to impact planning, design, and implementation. Enterprise Wi-Fi 7 becomes the “default refresh.”Most new enterprise AP purchases are tilting toward Wi-Fi 7 (not just a niche high-density
- [The Wi-Fi Colour Wheel: A Simple Framework for Better Real-World WLANs](https://wifivitae.com/2025/10/30/wifi-colour-wheel/) - The Wi-Fi Colour Wheel: A Simple Framework for Better Real-World WLANs Most people experience Wi-Fi in one of two states: It works, and nobody thinks about it. It doesn’t, and suddenly it’s everyone’s problem. That second state is where modern Wi-Fi planning often goes wrong—not because the technology is weak, but because the design and
- [What should you think about when performing Access Point on a Stick (APoS) measurements?](https://wifivitae.com/2024/10/31/apos/) - What should you think about when performing Access Point on a Stick (APoS) measurements? What is an APoS? "AP on a Stick" (APoS) is a wireless network testing method where one or more access point(s) (AP) are temporarily mounted on a pole, tripod, or other portable structure to simulate a permanent deployment. This setup is used to
- [A quick overview of WLPC EU 2024](https://wifivitae.com/2024/11/01/wlpceu24/) - A quick overview of WLPC EU 2024 It was wonderful to reconnect with friends and colleagues once again in the historical capital of Bohemia during the 10th Anniversary of WLPC EU in Prague, October 23-25, 2024.
- [The Mother of Wi-Fi: Hedy Lamarr's Contributions to Technology](https://wifivitae.com/2024/11/09/hedylamarr/) - The Mother of Wi-Fi: Hedy Lamarr's Contributions to Technology Heidi Lamarr was a glamorous and stylish actress from the golden aga of cinema and a regular on the red carpets. She was also a brilliant thinker who laid the foundation for modern wireless communication, including Wi-Fi. Plot twist! This isn't just an overblown script pitch—this
- [Nile Shows up to a Mobility Field Day Event](https://wifivitae.com/2024/11/19/nile-pre-mfd12/) - Nile Shows up to a Mobility Field Day Event Slàinte! Resources Mobility Field Day 12
- [Network as a Service: The Future of Connectivity as a Utility](https://wifivitae.com/2024/11/22/naas-utility-nile/) - Network as a Service: The Future of Connectivity as a Utility
- [Cisco Ultra Reliable Wireless Backhaul (URWB) jumps the tank in 2025](https://wifivitae.com/2024/11/25/ciscourwb/) - Cisco Ultra Reliable Wireless Backhaul (URWB) jumps the tank in 2025
- [How Meter is Making Networking Cool Again](https://wifivitae.com/2024/12/03/meter-cool/) - How Meter is Making Networking Cool Again In a world of increasing network demands, Meter is redefining what modern networking can and should be. Founded by two visionary network engineers, Meter aims to make networking not only more efficient but also more engaging by integrating innovative hardware, software, and operational capabilities. Let's explore how Meter
- [How to install and setup Nzyme on your WLANPi to create a WiFi network and security threat monitor](https://wifivitae.com/2024/12/06/howto-nzyme/) - How to install and setup Nzyme on your WLANPi to create a WiFi network and security threat monitor Nzyme: Turn Your Wi-Fi into a Super Sleuth (But Don't Be a Nosy Neighbor) Feeling like your Wi-Fi network is being infiltrated by shadowy figures? Well, fret no more! Nzyme is here to be your Wi-Fi's very own Sherlock
- [Cisco Wi-Fi 7: A Leap into the Future, with Room for Reflection](https://wifivitae.com/2024/12/15/cisco-wifi7-mfd12/) - Cisco Wi-Fi 7: A Leap into the Future, with Room for Reflection Cisco has stepped boldly into the future of wireless networking with its Wi-Fi 7 announcements from Cisco Live Melbourne 2024 and #MFD12. These APs showcase faster speeds, smarter capabilities, and a more unified ecosystem. The promises are ambitious, with advanced features like Ultra-Wideband (UWB) integration, simplified
- [A Guide to Decrypting WPA2-Enterprise in Wireshark](https://wifivitae.com/2025/01/01/wpa2-ent-decrypt/) - A Guide to Decrypting WPA2-Enterprise in Wireshark Occasionally troubleshooting Wi-Fi connectivity requires analyzing the headers of Wi-Fi frames. Other times, digging further up the OSI stack at layer 3 and 4 is necessary. This latter case is complicated by the fact that most Wi-Fi traffic is encrypted at layer two using WPA2. Fortunately, with a few pieces of
- [Wi-Fi Generation Naming](https://wifivitae.com/2025/03/31/wifi-generation-naming/) - Wi-Fi Generation Naming It’s worth addressing a growing trend where people, organizations, and manufacturers are misaligning IEEE Wireless LAN Standards (802.11) with Wi-Fi generation numbers. While this may stem from a noble intention to clarify the naming convention, it ultimately causes widespread confusion. By accurately mapping these standards to their corresponding Wi-Fi generations, we can
- [Cisco Drops LoRaWAN Support](https://wifivitae.com/2025/02/26/cisco-lorawan-update/) - Cisco Drops LoRaWAN Support Cisco presented at MFD12, sharing updates on Wi-Fi 7 clients, UWB, Cisco URWB (very cool announcements on URWB), and AI-RRM. One thing that stood out to me was the lack of updates on IoT—specifically, there were no details or insights shared about the recent announcement to discontinue the Cisco LoRaWAN product
- [Stop Guessing—Start Reading: A Practical Guide to Getting (and Using) the IEEE 802.11 Standard](https://wifivitae.com/2025/06/28/ieee-802-11-standard/) - Stop Guessing—Start Reading: A Practical Guide to Getting (and Using) the IEEE 802.11 Standard If you design, build, test, or troubleshoot Wi-Fi, there’s one resource that quietly answers more questions than any blog post, webinar, or vendor deck: the IEEE 802.11 standard itself. Here’s the good news that most people miss: many Wi-Fi standards are available
- [Strike a balance between Wi-Fi Performance vs the Cost](https://wifivitae.com/2025/09/26/strike-a-balance-between-wi-fi-performance-vs-the-cost/) - Strike a balance between Wi-Fi Performance vs the Cost Here’s a spicy take for your Friday feed: maybe “better Wi-Fi” isn’t always better business. We love squeezing out the last few percentage points of performance. It’s fun, technical, and it looks fantastic in a heatmap. But if that 4% bump demands triple the hardware and
- [The Decibel: A Little Unit with a Loud Legacy](https://wifivitae.com/2025/04/30/decibal/) - The Decibel: A Little Unit with a Loud Legacy How a forgotten measurement, a Canadian inventor, and a smart branding choice shaped how we hear the world. In the world of sound, few things are as universal — and as misunderstood — as the decibel. You’ve probably seen it pop up on your phone’s volume
- [Quick Guide on Configuring Your Airconsole ](https://wifivitae.com/2025/05/31/cfg-airconsole-bt/) - Quick Guide on Configuring Your Airconsole Recently, I worked on a project which required console access to configure and log output from network devices via the console port. I did not want to be directly plugged into the device while it was in the rack and forced to stand in front of it tether to
- [Wi-Fi must be regulated before it can be considered a Public Utility](https://wifivitae.com/2025/08/27/wi-fi-must-be-regulated-before-it-can-be-considered-a-public-utility/) - Wi-Fi must be regulated before it can be considered a Public Utility In today's interconnected world, access to reliable, high-speed internet isn't a luxury—it's a fundamental necessity for education, healthcare, employment, and social connection. Yet, we continue to treat it as a commodity, a service you buy, rather than a utility, a right you have. To understand
- [Which iOS device should I purchase for Wi-Fi Survey Projects](https://wifivitae.com/2024/03/08/ios-survey/) - Which iOS device should I purchase for Wi-Fi Survey Projects Updated: Feb 1, 2025, to include the latest iOS devices. I’m often asked to recommend an Apple device model to support wireless practitioners when performing a Wi-Fi survey or spot-check troubleshooting using Ekahau. This article summarizes the features that should weigh into your consideration of
- [Unlocking Endless Possibilities - 8 LoRaWAN Trends for 2025 and Beyond](https://wifivitae.com/2025/01/31/lorawan-future/) - Unlocking Endless Possibilities - 8 LoRaWAN Trends for 2025 and Beyond LoRaWAN technology is at the forefront of the IoT revolution, offering unmatched advantages in low-power, long-range connectivity. As industries worldwide embrace digital transformation, LoRaWAN stands out as a versatile and cost-effective solution for connecting billions of devices across diverse applications. From smart cities to precision agriculture, LoRaWAN is
- [802.11 Amendments – The “Alphabet Soup”](https://wifivitae.com/2021/11/30/80211-soup/) - This list will summarize the 802.11 standards that have been rolled out over time. A quick bit of trivia: the number 802 comes from the first working group formed in the second (02) month (February) of 1980. The family of wireless specifications that we have affectionately come to know as “802.11” was first released in 1997 –
- [Wi-Fi 7 – Wait is shorter than you think](https://wifivitae.com/2022/10/06/wifi7/) - Wi-Fi 7 – Wait is shorter than you think There is a saying that accurately captures fluff in statistical marketing: “80% of all statistics are made up on the spot, 2/3rds of all people know that.” To satisfy the consumption driven capitalistic mantra Sell Something Now, vendors are quick to provide dates and timelines carefully selected to seduce buyers into making purchases today instead of using
- [Wi-Fi 7 (802.11be) Highlights](https://wifivitae.com/2023/08/01/wifi7-highlights/) - Wi-Fi 7 (802.11be) Highlights Wi-Fi 7 is slated to be the next release of the Wi-Fi standard from the IEEE final WG approval scheduled for May 2024, Also known as 802.11be - Extremely High Throughput (EHT), Wi-Fi 7describes tri-band operation across all three Wi-Fi bands - 2.4, 5, and 6GHz. To live up to the title
- [Extreme Wireless CLI Reference](https://wifivitae.com/2022/05/03/extreme-wireless-cli-reference/) - I’ve been working with others on some configurations using Extreme’s wireless APs. Not everyone wants to purchase the full license and settles for using ExtremeCloud IQ Connect. Connect allows for free lifetime management of access points, switches, and routers via the ExtremeCloud IQ portal. ExtremeCloud IQ supports the following features with no licensing cost: Device on-boardingGuided configurationCentralized
- [7 Reasons to Attend HPE/Aruba Atmosphere 2023](https://wifivitae.com/2023/03/01/7-reasons-to-attend-atm-2023/) - 7 Reasons to Attend HPE/Aruba Atmosphere 2023 HPE/Aruba is returning to Las Vegas April 23-28th at the Venetian Resort for their annual conference – Atmosphere ’23 – “For What Comes Next”. 130+ Technical Sessions: Choose sessions which range from introductory to advanced topics for both technical geeks and partners. There are four tracks to choose from depending on what your
- [Cisco expands LoRaWAN Portfolio](https://wifivitae.com/2023/03/13/cisco-lorawan-portfolio/) - Cisco expands LoRaWAN Portfolio
- [New Cisco Meraki MREye for Wi-Fi performance Monitoring](https://wifivitae.com/2023/05/25/mreye/) - New Cisco Meraki MREye for Wi-Fi performance Monitoring During Mobility Field Day 9, Cisco offered a sneak peek into a new feature called “MREye” to be released soonish – in the second half of 2023 (2H23). A quick grounding to understand “marketing dates”: whenever a vendor offers a delivery date of 2H23, for example, customers hear
- [It’s been a year, where is Open Locate Now?](https://wifivitae.com/2023/06/02/open-locate-now/) - It’s been a year, where is Open Locate Now? Last year, HPE Aruba Networking announced Open Locate, an indoor location solution designed to unlock real-time location services (RTLS) for various applications across indoor spaces. The solution utilizes a combination of integrated GPS receivers allowing APs installed at the perimeter of the building, with sufficient signal to
- [Introducing FortiAIOPs 2.0 at Mobility Field Day 9](https://wifivitae.com/2023/07/07/introducing-fortiaiops-2-0-at-mobility-field-day-9/) - Introducing FortiAIOPs 2.0 FortiAIOps (Fortinet’s Artificial Intelligence engine for Network Operations) has been a mainstay at Mobility Field Day since it was first introduced. This year, at Mobility Field Day 9 (#MFD9), Fortinet announced a newly architected version 2.0 that brings together the best of troubleshooting from their Wireless Management product together with the AI/ML-assisted
- [Near Field Communication (NFC) Overview](https://wifivitae.com/2023/09/30/nfc-overview/) - Near Field Communication (NFC) Overview Near Field Communication (NFC) technology has become an integral part of our daily lives, enabling seamless communication and data exchange between electronic devices in very close proximity. NFC operates within a short-range wireless communication standard, allowing devices to establish a connection without the need for complex setups or pairing processes.
- [Latency vs Probability of Collisions](https://wifivitae.com/2023/12/29/latency-vs-collisions/) - Latency vs Probability of Collisions This post is based on a presentation I recently delivered – the first time at WLPC EU 2023 in Prague, CZ and the second at #MFD10 Ignite in San Jose, CA. According to statisticians, variations from the average are more relevant than the average itself. This complication often plays out
- [Defeating WPA2-Personal Wi-Fi on a WLAN Pi: A Step-by-Step Guide](https://wifivitae.com/2024/01/01/wpa2-on-wlanpi/) - Defeating WPA2-Personal Wi-Fi on a WLAN Pi: A Step-by-Step Guide Disclaimer: This article is intended for educational purposes ONLY. The information presented here is meant to serve as a hands-on exercise to augment understanding of cybersecurity and ethical hacking principles put into practice for lawful purposes. Introduction Ensuring the security of Wi-Fi networks is paramount
- [Wyebot – Wireless Intelligence Platform](https://wifivitae.com/2024/01/12/wyebot-wip/) - Wyebot – Wireless Intelligence Platform Wyebot recently presented at #MFD10 hosted by TechFieldDay. Wyebot offers a stress-free Wi-Fi optimization solution. Their Wireless Intelligence PlatformTM (WIP) is a fast and easy way to proactively eliminate mission-disrupting Wi-Fi issues at remote locations while allowing WLAN practitioners to remotely optimize the network before users even know there is a problem. It’s always exciting to
- [Alexander Graham Bell Patents the Telephone](https://wifivitae.com/2024/03/07/bell-patents-telephone/) - Alexander Graham Bell Patents the Telephone In the vast, somewhat confusing, and occasionally bizarre tapestry of the universe, where the improbable is merely waiting for teatime to become possible, there exists a curious tale of innovation, rivalry, and a device now considered nearly as essential as a good towel: the telephone. This narrative orbits around
- [Data Collected During an Active Survey](https://wifivitae.com/2024/04/09/active-survey-data/) - Data Collected During an Active Survey Overview This article details data that can be collected based on the configuration of active survey mode when using Ekahau. I’m skipping the debate over whether an active survey should be performed and assuming that a business decision requires one. With an active survey required, this article identifies the
- [Scotch Tasting: Guide to Whisky Terms](https://wifivitae.com/2023/01/01/scotch-tasting-guide-to-whisky-terms/) - Scotch Tasting: Guide to Whisky Terms After attending several Scotch Whisky tastings, I learned to better appreciate the history and process of making Scotch Whisky; I’ve compiled a summary of some basic concepts and terms. You can read this unaccompanied, however it would be more enjoyable to absorb while indulging in a good dram of
- [BLE Overview](https://wifivitae.com/2020/05/01/ble-overview/) - BLE Overview This is a quick overview covering the highlights of Bluetooth® Low Energy (BLE) referenced in one place. As with all first-time Bluetooth blogs, there is a mandatory requirement to describe the story of how Bluetooth earned its name. The name ‘Bluetooth’ is a head-nod to King Harold Blatand of Denmark. King Harold was
- [Extreme Site Survey AP Configuration](https://wifivitae.com/2020/05/14/apos-cfg/) - Extreme Site Survey AP Configuration This post captures useful commands when performing site surveys for configuring access points from Extreme Networks (formerly Aerohive). Sometimes events happen in the field and you need to factory reset or re-configure an AP in the middle of a site survey. What follows are some notes about relevant commands to configure an
- [CBRS in Canada?](https://wifivitae.com/2020/06/29/cbrs-in-canada/) - CBRS in Canada? What is CBRS? CBRS refers to the Citizens Broadband Radio Service defined by the FCC in Title 47 Part 96 subpart F, which specifies the use of a 150MHz wide block of spectrum 3550–3700 MHz. This block of spectrum resides within the highly coveted mid-band spectrum, combining high throughput and high propagation
- [Zigbee/BLE packet capture with NXP KW41Z](https://wifivitae.com/2020/07/21/zigbee-pcap-kw41z/) - Zigbee/BLE packet capture with NXP KW41Z Quick blog to document the procedure I used to install the software required to packet capture Zigbee and BLE traffic using the NXP KW41Z. You can find hardware details about the NXP KW41Z on the NXP website. There are a few different hardware models, so be sure to purchase the KW41Z
- [WirelessHART Spectrum](https://wifivitae.com/2020/09/27/wirelesshart-spectrum/) - WirelessHART Spectrum WirelessHART is based on the IEEE 802.15.4-2006 standard – meaning specific flavours of the standard have been adopted by WirelessHART. This blog with address the channel and modulation characteristics defined in the IEEE 802.15.4-2006 standard and which features and combinations were specifically adopted by WirelessHART. The 802.15.4 standard titled “Wireless Medium Access Control
- [WirelessHART: An Overview - Presentation at WTF20](https://wifivitae.com/2020/10/01/speaker-slot-at-wtf20/) - WirelessHART: An Overview - Presentation at WTF20 A quick post to provide a link to the slides I presented during the Wireless Technology Forum (WTF) Conference in 2020. My topic was WirelessHART: An Overview, providing a 30 minute highlight of this industrial process control based IoT protocol. Below is a link to the video presentation
- [Using AirPort Utility to collect RSSI](https://wifivitae.com/2020/10/08/airport-utility/) - Using AirPort Utility to collect RSSI Apple developed a utility to manage your Wi-Fi network and assist connecting to Airport base stations. It is NOT installed by default in iOS and there are some settings that may need tweaking each time you want to run the application. The AirPort Utility has several features, but the
- [Translating Business Requirements into Technical Requirements](https://wifivitae.com/2020/12/31/biz-to-tech/) - Translating Business Requirements into Technical Requirements A quick post to provide a link a presentation I delivered at the WLCP US conference in 2020. The presentation started off with a short story on the origins of the Michelin Star rating system as I first heard on the Under the Influence radio show on CBC hosted by Terry O’Reilly. Michelin was looking for
- [Guest on ClearToSend Podcast](https://wifivitae.com/2021/03/26/cts256/) - Guest on Clear To Send Podcast – Episode 256 (2^8) If you haven’t already heard of ClearToSend – it is a podcast for wireless network engineers. It is hosted by @rowelldionicio and @vergesfrancois who together have released over 250 episodes across audio and video formats. If you are into Wi-Fi at all, I highly recommend subscribing to their show. In addition,
- [Failure Happens - Site Reliability Engineering (SRE)](https://wifivitae.com/2021/03/31/sre/) - Failure Happens - Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) Mistakes are proof that you are trying. Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) helps further the evolution of the DevOps unification. DevOps is a concept describing the goal of uniting the traditional silos between software development and operation teams. An oversimplification of the caricature between these two cultures describes
- [Alternative WLAN Project Lifecycle](https://wifivitae.com/2021/04/01/alternative-wlan-project-lifecycle/) - Alternative WLAN Project Lifecycle This is an alternative WLAN Project Lifecycle consisting of the following four core stages and two complimentary activities: DefineDesignDeployDiagnoseValidateCommunicate The WLAN Project Lifecycle can be entered via any stage. There is no defined start or end as the WLAN Lifecyle continually cycles through various stages. Each stage is optional; however, the
- [Want some 6 GHz with your Poutine?](https://wifivitae.com/2021/05/23/6ghz-poutine/) - Want some 6 GHz with your Poutine? In days of past, Canada demonstrated leadership to the world in the culinary arts when it was first to combine French fries, gravy, and cheese curds – making the classic dish, “Poutine”! Once again, Canada has flexed its leadership muscles to approve license-exempt use of the 6 GHz
- [To ‘E’ or not to ‘E’….](https://wifivitae.com/2021/06/02/to-e-or-not-to-e/) - To ‘E’ or not to ‘E’…. That’s what I do: I drink and I know things. – Tyrion Lannister Often times, passionate people find excuses to quarrel about what really can be reduced to trivial and time-wasting debates. Two specific examples of this come from two of my favourite fields –Whisky and Wi-Fi. While fun
- [DFS radar avoidance – maple syrup style](https://wifivitae.com/2021/09/18/dfs-radar-avoidance-maple-syrup-style/) - DFS radar avoidance – maple syrup style This blog describes the details of DFS (Dynamic Frequency Selection) on a wireless access system (WAS) as regulated by the Innovation, Scientific, and Economic Development (ISED) branch of the Canadian government. Specifically, this will cover Wi-Fi operating on 5GHz using channels exhibiting co-channel operation with EESS (Earth exploration-satellite
- [CWISE: IoT Expert Certification from CWNP](https://wifivitae.com/2021/10/21/cwise-announcement/) - CWISE: IoT Expert Certification from CWNP The global IoT and communications market is expected to reach USD21.3 billion by the year 2022, according to Gartner. Not surprisingly, a market expectation that large has captured the attention of IT professionals. Additionally, it has attracted those outside traditional IT roles who may be tasked with the design and deployment of
- [HART Overview](https://wifivitae.com/2020/04/05/hart-overview/) - HART Overview This is the first of what is planned to be a many part series detailing the history, protocol and design best practices for WirelessHART™. Before diving into the details of WirelessHART, let’s unpack the HART® standard upon which WirelessHART was built. HART technology has opened up a wealth of digital process, maintenance, and
- [Extreme Packet Capture](https://wifivitae.com/2020/04/12/extreme-packet-capture/) - Extreme Packet Capture With some of the new features coming down the pipe with WiFi6, affectionately known as “11ax”, it may prove a little more challenging to capture all the frames. This blog describes the process to capture WiFi6 traffic using WiFi6 radio interface(s) of an Extreme (formerly Aerohive) access point. It’s often thought that
- [WirelessHART Overview](https://wifivitae.com/2020/04/19/wirelesshart-overview/) - WirelessHART Overview WirelessHART™ is a protocol developed to form self-optimizing, self-healing, time synchronized mesh networks. It easily extends wireless capabilities from HART® technology allowing compatibility with existing HART devices, commands, and tools. It’s based on the IEEE 802.15.4™ standard and operates in the 2.4 GHz ISM band allowing for near global operation. HART version 7, maintained by
- [With Extreme Power comes Extreme Responsibility](https://wifivitae.com/2020/04/25/extreme-responsibility/) - With Extreme Power comes Extreme Responsibility Have you ever wondered why RSSI values from validation surveys don’t match your predictive design? Have you wondered why changing the AP transmit power doesn’t always correspond with RSSI values for the client? There are some subtle nuances to be aware of when setting the transmit power on Extreme Networks (formerly
- [On the heels of WLPC PHX 2023](https://wifivitae.com/2023/02/17/wlpc2023phx/) - On the heels of WLPC Phoenix 2023 First, a few initial thoughts before jumping into sessions’ sound bites… WLPC 2023 introduced 20-min talks, giving speakers more time to go deeper into their topic and share more data. As all talks were voted on by the community, there was already a hunger to hear more about these
- [Best things to do when attending Cisco Live 2023](https://wifivitae.com/2023/04/16/best-things-to-do-when-attending-cisco-live-2023/) - Best things to do when attending Cisco Live 2023 Cisco is returning to Las Vegas June 4-8th at the Mandalay Bay Convention Center for their annual conference – Cisco Live 2023.
- [Cisco Live 2023 Session List](https://wifivitae.com/2023/04/23/clus-23-session-list/) - Cisco Live 2023 Session List
- [WLPC Phoenix 2024 Recap](https://wifivitae.com/2024/02/25/wlpc-phx-2024-recap/) - WLPC Phoenix 2024 Recap This year marks the 10th Anniversary of the Wireless LAN Professional Conference (#WLPC). The inaugural conference occurred at a convention Center in Austin, TX, close to the Airport. Keith Parsons took a massive leap of faith, laying down a deposit for a conference venue, hoping people would sign up to cover that deposit.
- [LoRaWAN: An Overview - Presentation at WLPC 2022](https://wifivitae.com/2022/03/25/lorawan-overview/) - LoRaWAN: An Overview - Presentation at WLPC 2022 A quick post to provide a link to the slides and video for my presentation during the Wireless LAN Professionals Conference (#WLPC) in 2022. My topic was LoRaWAN: An Overview, providing a 30- minute overview of this long-range, low-power, IoT technology deployed in over 160 countries. Additionally,
- [LoRaWAN Mapper - Overview](https://wifivitae.com/2022/12/14/lorawan-mapper-overview/) - LoRaWAN Mapper - Overview This blog is part 1 of a 4-part series on LoRaWAN field mappers. For related information checkout the following posts: LoRaWAN Mapper Overview LoRaWAN Mapper - RAK10701-H LoRaWAN Mapper - using WisToolBox (iOS) LoRaWAN Mapper - using Helium Console Semtech https://www.semtech.com/ RP2-1.0.3 LoRaWAN Regional Parameters Guideline LoRaWAN Geolocation White Paper
- [LoRaWAN Mapper - RAKWireless RAK10701-H](https://wifivitae.com/2022/12/16/lorawan-mapper-rak10701h/) - LoRaWAN Mapper - RAKWireless RAK10701-H This blog is part 2 of a 4-part series on LoRaWAN field mappers. For related information checkout the following posts: LoRaWAN Mapper Overview LoRaWAN Mapper - RAK10701-H LoRaWAN Mapper - using WisToolBox (iOS) LoRaWAN Mapper - using Helium Console This blog expands on the setup process for the RAK10701-H. For more information
- [LoRaWAN Mapper – using WisToolBox (iOS)](https://wifivitae.com/2022/12/18/lorawan-mapper-wistoolbox-ios/) - LoRaWAN Mapper – using WisToolBox (iOS) This blog is part 3 of a 4-part series on LoRaWAN field mappers. For related information checkout the following posts: LoRaWAN Mapper Overview LoRaWAN Mapper - RAK10701-H LoRaWAN Mapper - using WisToolBox (iOS) LoRaWAN Mapper - using Helium Console Configuring RAL10701-P using WisToolBox WisToolBox is a software tool for configuration
- [LoRaWAN Mapper - using Helium Console](https://wifivitae.com/2022/12/20/lorawan-mapper-helium-console/) - LoRaWAN Mapper - using Helium Console This blog is part 4 of a 4-part series on LoRaWAN field mappers. For related information checkout the following posts: LoRaWAN Mapper Overview LoRaWAN Mapper - RAK10701-H LoRaWAN Mapper - using WisToolBox (iOS) LoRaWAN Mapper - using Helium Console Overview This blog explains how to configure the Helium console to
- [LoRaWAN overview](https://wifivitae.com/2023/02/07/lorawan-overview-2/) - LoRaWAN overview LoRa (short for Long Range) is a modulation technique that is used in LoRaWAN networks for low-power, long-range wireless communications on the sub-1GHz band. LoRaWAN is a media access control (MAC) protocol for wide area networks (WANs) that uses low-power, long-range wireless communications to connect Internet of Things (IoT) devices. It is based
- [How to customize ATOM for Python Development](https://wifivitae.com/2021/07/15/atom-customize/) - Atom is a powerful and customizable text editor, supported across the primary operating systems (MacOS/Windows/Linux). There are many text editors out there, but to keep things consistent for new Python developers, Atom was selected. It also doesn’t hurt that Atom is available at no cost. The entire Atom editor is free, open source, and available
- [Wall Attenuation Measurements](https://wifivitae.com/2021/12/15/wall-attenuation/) - Have you ever been stumped trying to figure what wall attenuation value to simulate in your predictive RF designs? Have you wondered if reinforced concrete is “thicker” then a wall constructed with masonry bricks? The chart below summarizes relative attenuation values from common building materials as tested by NIST way back in 1997. Shockingly, concrete yields
- [AP Colour Icons in Ekahau Visualizations](https://wifivitae.com/2022/01/18/ap-colour-in-ekahau-templates/) - The ability to change the colour of AP icons was added in the release of Ekahau Pro version 10.3.1. This can be done by entering the AP edit menu and selecting the desired colour. APs can be modified one at a time or by bulk selection of APs. Bulk selection can easily be accomplished using the “Quick Select” feature to
- [DOGEcoin miner on Raspberry Pi](https://wifivitae.com/2022/04/30/dogecoin-miner-on-raspberry-pi/) - DOGEcoin miner on Raspberry Pi I happen to have a handful of Raspberry Pi 4’s lying around and thought I would experiment with setting them up as DOGE coin miner. Appreciate that this is more of a proof-of-concept (PoC) exercise, the Pi is not going to fill your crypto wallet with DOGE coins. Instructions below will
- [Juniper’s Take on Real-World 6GHz Performance](https://wifivitae.com/2022/08/04/juniper-6ghz-design/) - Juniper’s Take on Real-World 6GHz Performance At Mobility Field Day 7, Juniper presented on Wi-Fi 6E (6GHz) design and its adoption in the real world based on several months of data collected from the field. One thing that stood out was the contrast between uplink and downlink for 6GHz devices. In the downstream direction, Juniper demonstrated
- [Extreme Private-PSK (PPSK)](https://wifivitae.com/2021/02/08/ppsk-cfg/) - Extreme Private-PSK (PPSK) This post provides an overview of the Private Pre-shared Key (PPSK) feature available in Extreme Networks’ access points connected to ExtremeIQ. Explanations below provide greater detail with additional context and options for advanced configuration; however, it takes less than 5 minutes to configure a PPSK enabled SSID with three unique PPSKs to
- [Wi-Fi Generation Names](https://wifivitae.com/2021/01/31/wi-fi-generation-names/) - Wi-Fi Generation Names In October 2018, the Wi-Fi Alliance (WFA @ wi-fi.org) announced a new marketing scheme to brand different generations of Wi-FiTM. The initial three brands are summarized in the following table as described in the WFA Generational Wi-Fi User Guide. Highest level of technology supported Generation Name Band (GHz) 802.11ax Wi-Fi 6 2.4
- [Extreme/Aerohive Configuration for Visitor On-Boarding with WiFlex](https://wifivitae.com/2021/05/14/extreme-wiflex/) - Extreme/Aerohive Configuration for Visitor On-Boarding with WiFlex The idea here is to create an on-boarding SSID used to distribute keys or profiles easily and quickly to visitors arriving at your site. Once generated, the key itself is a passphrase which can be entered when connecting to a WPA2-Personal based SSID. Alternatively, a QR code can
- [Understanding LoRaWAN Frequencies](https://wifivitae.com/2021/06/29/lorawan-freq/) - The LoRaWAN Regional Parameters RP2-1.0.3 (released May 2021) describes regional parameters for different regulatory regions worldwide as related to LoRaWAN. Separating this document from the LoRaWAN protocol specification allows the addition of new regions within the parameters document while not impacting the protocol specification. Globally, LoRaWAN is broken down into channel widths of either 125 or 250
- [“Connecting with Wi-Fi” is like “Connecting with Whisky”](https://wifivitae.com/2020/03/29/how-wifi-is-whisky/) - “Connecting with Wi-Fi” is like “Connecting with Whisky” First, let me start by saying – It’s your whisky, it’s your palate. After sampling a particular whisky, if it turns out you don’t like it, try another. If you find the whisky in your glass tastes better with ginger ale…then keep adding ginger. What matters most, is
- [Aruba Atmosphere '23 Sessions Hit List](https://wifivitae.com/2023/04/24/aruba-atmosphere-23-sessions-hit-list/) - Aruba Atmosphere '23 Sessions Hit List With Aruba Atmosphere 2023 kicking off next week, I wanted to share a list of the sessions that I am interested in attending or watching the recording post conference. You can find a list of all available sessions here. Sessions to Attend Here is of sessions and keynotes that I plan to
- [Cisco does the “AFC Side Step” with the CW9166D1](https://wifivitae.com/2023/06/05/afc-side-step/) - Cisco does the “AFC Side Step” with the CW9166D1 Cisco Presents at Mobility Field Day 9 – 9166D1 Video (Youtube)
- [Ventev Presents at #MFD10](https://wifivitae.com/2023/11/22/ventev-presents-at-mfd10/) - Ventev Presents at #MFD10 Ventev had the benefit of presenting last at #MFD10 to share what they have been working on lately. They wasted no time jumping right into it with the VenGo Mobile Wireless Case. The VenGoTM is a crash kit travel case sized to fit in airplane overhead bins. Equipped with one or
- [Wi-Fi and Speedtest via Apple Shortcuts](https://wifivitae.com/2023/10/10/wifi-speedtest-ios17/) - Wi-Fi and Speedtest via Apple Shortcuts First, all the credit for this goes to Adrian Granados (Intuitibits) and Timo Sass for creating and expanding these shortcut scripts. I wanted to capture the links for easier searching/installation in the future. With the release of iOS 17, Apple now supports more details around Wi-Fi performance testing via an API
- [WLPC EU 2023 Prague Conference Recap](https://wifivitae.com/2023/12/19/wlpc23-eu/) - WLPC EU 2023 Prague Conference Recap Before the main WLPC conference officially starts, boot camps run for 3 days; they are a different animal. What would typically be a 4-day course is packed into 3 days of learning. It really is drinking from the firehose. The following boot camps ran in 2023 with an interesting
- [10 Books to Read in 2024](https://wifivitae.com/2024/01/31/10-books-to-read-in-2024/) - 10 Books to Read in 2024 A list of books that I read over the past year which I recommend to others. The links below are to Amazon Kindle editions, but I find it effective to use Audible for Blinkist (The Cole’s Notes version of audiobooks) to listen while commuting or walking. Less screen time
- [Five Reasons Why You Should Come to HPE Discover (Atmosphere) in Las Vegas 2024](https://wifivitae.com/2024/04/11/hpe-2024/) - Five Reasons Why You Should Come to HPE Discover (Atmosphere) in Las Vegas 2024 What happens in Vegas, stays in Vegas or gets uploaded to the cloud for AI insights! Get ready to roll the innovation dice and hit the tech jackpot at the hottest IT conference in Las Vegas during the second half of
- [HPE Aruba Networks Launches Wi-Fi 7 AP with external directional antennas for high density & manufacturing applications](https://wifivitae.com/2024/04/23/hpe-aruba-wifi7/) - HPE Aruba Networks Launches Wi-Fi 7 AP with external directional antennas for high density & manufacturing applications Today, HPE Aruba Networks launched its newest Wi-Fi 7 APs, the AP-735 and AP-734. With support for external antenna options, the AP-734 makes it easy to design and deliver great 6 GHz Wi-Fi services everywhere—particularly in high-density environments
- [Five Reasons Why You Should Come to Cisco Live 2024 in Las Vegas](https://wifivitae.com/2024/05/10/ciscolive-2024/) - Five Reasons Why You Should Come to Cisco Live 2024 in Las Vegas The Vegas Strip is calling! Leave the tech doldrums behind and join me for one of the most exhilarating IT conferences in Las Vegas during the first half of June 2024 – Cisco Live. Think bright lights, buzzing energy, and a non-stop flow of
- [5 Reasons You Should Come to  Juniper/Mist AI Native Now in Las Vegas](https://wifivitae.com/2024/06/02/5-reasons-juniper-mist-ainativenow/) - 5 Reasons You Should Come to Juniper/Mist AI Native Now in Las Vegas The Escape Game https://theescapegame.com/lasvegas Exotic Car Racing https://exoticsracing.com Combat Zone Paintball https://www.vegas.com/attractions/off-the-strip/combat-zone-paintball Wreck Room Vegas Gaming (not Gambling) https://hyperxarenalasvegas.com
- [Navigating Vendor Conferences: The Freedom of Choice](https://wifivitae.com/2024/06/16/vendor-conferences-freedom-of-choice/) - Navigating Vendor Conferences: The Freedom of Choice Picture this: a tech conference in Las Vegas—the neon lights, the slot machines, and the occasional Elvis impersonator. Imagine a vendor claiming exclusive rights to the city for a week. It’s like saying, “Sorry, other vendors, you can’t play in our sandbox, and you certainly can’t post about
- [Update on the HPE acquisition of Juniper Networks](https://wifivitae.com/2024/06/18/update-hpe-acquisition-of-juniper/) - Update on the HPE acquisition of Juniper Networks This is the week of the HPE Discover 2024 conference. It also marks the first time a tech company hosts their keynote and customer event at the famed Sphere in Las Vegas. While the Sphere is a great marketing distraction, let’s talk about what might be the
- [Wi-Fi Security Trends from Aruba Central](https://wifivitae.com/2024/07/31/wi-fi-security-trends-from-aruba-central/) - Wi-Fi Security Trends from Aruba Central HPE Aruba Networks provided an excellent overview of WI-Fi 7 and WPA3 observations during their AP730 and Wi-Fi 7 update as part of the Network Field Day Exclusive at HPE Discover from Tech Field Day (TFDx) during the HPE Discover Aruba Atmosphere event. The observations were based on many data points from customer
- [Wireless IoT Presentation at Wi-Co Montreal](https://wifivitae.com/2024/08/31/wireless-iot-talk-wico-montreal/) - Wireless IoT Presentation at Wi-Co Montreal On August 2024, I spoke about wireless IoT technologies focusing on Wi-Fi HaLow at the 2024 Wi-Co event in Montréal. Comparison IoT technologies, including BLE, Zigbee, and LoRaWAN were briefly described and then HaLow was showcased. The talk was not recorded, but you can download the slide deck from the Wi-Co presentation here or
- [Full Frame Captures with Ekahau Sidekick 2](https://wifivitae.com/2024/05/01/pcaps-with-sk2/) - Full Frame Captures with Ekahau Sidekick 2 The Sidekick 2 from Ekahau allows you to perform packet captures leveraging the four built-in Wi-Fi NICs. The only way to configure and gather the captures is by using the Analyzer app, available on iOS. There is an Analyzer app for Android; however, packet capture is not supported on Android with version
- [Wall Attenuation Reporting](https://wifivitae.com/2022/06/01/wall-type-reporting/) - Wall Attenuation Reporting The recent release of AI Pro from Ekahau now supports wall types with the option to configure unique wall attenuation values per band. This is a welcome feature addition, but immediately after seeing this feature I wondered how to include this information in custom template reports to document the configured wall type attenuation
- [Wireshark IO Graph: WLAN Data Rate and Channel Utilization (CU)](https://wifivitae.com/2022/02/01/ws-dr-cu/) - Many network professionals get excited about collecting packet captures to dive into the packets of truth to troubleshoot or better understand the nature of data flow across their networks. While capturing WLAN traffic is easier than it used to be, efficient packet analysis is still an art form. Let’s look at some advanced techniques to
- [AP Colour Update in Ekahau AI Pro 11.1.1](https://wifivitae.com/2022/11/06/ap-colour-update-11-1-1/) - AP Colour Update in Ekahau AI Pro 11.1.1 Previously, I wrote about the ability to customize report templates in Ekahau Pro using AP colours: AP Colour Icons in Ekahau Visualizations Where did “My APs” Go? With the release of Ekahau AI Pro 11.1.1 on October 13th, 2022, three (3) new colours were added to provide even more
- [Accuracy Setting Change in Ekahau AI Pro](https://wifivitae.com/2022/10/01/accuracy-change-in-ai-pro/) - Accuracy Setting Change in Ekahau AI Pro Previously, in Ekahau Pro, WLAN professionals had the ability to define how far from a measured point Ekahau could make an educated guess to generate a heat map. This distance was defined as an accuracy setting and could be selected as any one of the following values: When
- [Where did “My APs” Go](https://wifivitae.com/2022/05/22/myaps/) - Where did “My APs” Go You may have noticed that “My APs” and “Other APs” are no longer in Ekahau AI Pro. While true, the concept behind “My APs” and “Other APs” is still there. We can accomplish the same grouping using AP colour tags. Think of the old “My APs” tag as a colour…
- [Cisco’s Take on Real-World 6GHz Performance](https://wifivitae.com/2022/09/02/cisco-6ghz-performance/) - Cisco’s Take on Real-World 6GHz Performance Cisco recently participated in Mobility Field Day 7, hosted by Tech Field Day. Cisco presented on several topics, including: RF Innovation and Access Point Hardware Update6 GHz Planning and Mobility Innovations UpdateSmart Buildings with Cisco DNA SpacesPrivate 5G Integrated with Enterprise Networks While several items Cisco presented on caught my attention, I
- [Adding Multilevel Numbers to Headings in Word](https://wifivitae.com/2022/07/31/multilevel-numbering-to-headings/) - Adding Multilevel Numbers to Headings in Word I always find it amusing when the same developer creates two versions of their product with different workflows to configure and customize settings. One such example is the difference within MS Word running on Windows vs macOS. While not enabled by default, it is a trivial task to add multilevel
- [Wall Attenuation Measurements using Ekahau Survey 2.0](https://wifivitae.com/2022/01/01/wall-attenuation-with-ekahau/) - Survey 2.0 feature highlights video

## Pages

- [Wi-Fi Design Resources](https://wifivitae.com/resources/wi-fi-design-resources/) - Wi-Fi Design Resources v4 This is a list of Wi-Fi resources I have found myself referring to many times: Understanding Wi-Fi Visualizing Waves MIMO Wave Visualizer Gjermund's Airtime Calculator Fourier transform ("simple" explanation) Fourier transform ("less simple" explanation) WLANPros Wireshark Colouring Rules Wi-Fi Client Data Rate Calculator from SemFio (François Vergès) Wi-Fi Client Capabilities SemFio
- [Wi-Fi Troubleshooting Resources](https://wifivitae.com/resources/wi-fi-troubleshooting-resources/) - Wi-Fi Troubleshooting Resources PCAPs PCAP analysis - Art of RF (Ali) Wireshark filters - SemFio (François Vergès) Wi-Fi Client Data Rate Calculator - SemFio (François Vergès) Wireshark Profiles - WLAN Professionals Websites and Tools DFS Project Mike Albano Client Capabilities SemFio Client Capabilities Database RSSI Compared HackRF (SDR) Portapack H2 (Updated) Wireless Scanners Wi-Fi Explorer
- [Resources](https://wifivitae.com/resources/) - Ekahau Template Reporting Cheatsheet v1 Wi-Fi Design Resources v4 Wi-Fi Troubleshooting Resources Wi-Fi Advanced Resources (coming soon...) Python Resources/References (coming soon...) Technical Resources - Book List Extreme Wireless CLI Reference Cheatsheet v1.3 MCS Table for 802.11ah (HaLow) sub-1GHz Wi-Fi
- [Ekahau Template Reporting Cheatsheet](https://wifivitae.com/resources/ekahau_template_reporting_cheatsheet_v1/) - Ekahau Template Reporting Cheatsheet v1 Before we start, you can always find the full documentation for Ekahau Report Templates here. The following is a list of useful quick references when building out Ekahau Report Templates: Data Tags Loop Tags
- [Contact](https://wifivitae.com/contact/) - If you would like to get in touch, please contact me on Twitter or LinkedIn.
- [About](https://wifivitae.com/about/) - Hi! My name is Troy, I’ve been part of the networking field in IT for a while. I have found my passion working specifically with wireless, IoT, and security. I thoroughly enjoy sharing stories and chatting with others about wireless tech. I am a self-confessed certification junkie having earned several dozen networking and security certifications including CWNE
- [MCS Table for 802.11ah (HaLow)](https://wifivitae.com/resources/mcs-halow/) - MCS Index Table, Modulation and Coding Scheme Index 11ah (HaLow) This table is also a tab of a more extensive set of Wi-Fi MCS values at MCSINDEX.net.
- [Technical Resources - Book List](https://wifivitae.com/resources/technical-resources-book-list/) - I’m often asked by others what books to read if someone wants to learn more about Wi-Fi or other related technologies. I decided to put a brief list together of books I am often recommending, making it easier to answer this question. Each of the links is an affiliate link. By purchasing a book from
- [Blog](https://wifivitae.com/blog/)

## Posts

- [Attribution](https://wifivitae.com/attribution/) - This site has been created with the help of many different people and companies.This site was built on a powerful, Inspirations based web builder called BoldGrid. It is running on WordPress, the most popular content management software online today. Web hosting support is provided by DreamHost. Additional functionality provided by: WP Canvas - Gallery

## Categories

- [Uncategorized](https://wifivitae.com/category/uncategorized/)
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- [IoT](https://wifivitae.com/category/not/)
- [Python](https://wifivitae.com/category/python/)

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